Final answer:
Electromagnetic radiation, both ionizing and nonionizing, can control microorganisms by damaging their DNA and disrupting cellular functions, leading to their death. Methods like UV light purification and food irradiation are practical applications of this principle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Yes, electromagnetic radiation can be used to control microbes. Various forms of radiation, from ionizing radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays, and high-energy electron beams, to nonionizing radiation like ultraviolet (UV) light, have applications in sterilizing and disinfecting to manage microorganisms. Ionizing radiation can pass into the cell, causing damage to DNA and other cellular components, leading to cell death. UV light, which is nonionizing, induces mutations in the DNA by causing thymine dimers to form. This prevents accurate replication and eventually kills the microorganisms. For instance, UV lamps are used in water purification systems, surgical suites, and biological safety cabinets to control microbial growth. Additionally, food irradiation with radioactive substances such as cobalt extends the shelf life of products by killing bacteria that cause spoilage without making the food itself radioactive.