Final answer:
Fiber optics cables consist of thin filaments of glass or plastic that use total internal reflection to transmit light over long distances with minimal signal loss, making them ideal for telecommunications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fiber optics use cables consisting of one or more hair-thin filaments of glass or plastic wrapped in a protective jacket. These optical fibers employ the principle of total internal reflection, enabling the transmission of light down the fibers. Light entering an optical fiber is likely to strike the inside surface at an angle greater than the critical angle, resulting in the light being totally reflected within the fiber. This allows it to travel long distances with minimal loss of signal.
Additionally, optical fibers are surrounded by cladding material with a lower index of refraction than the core, preventing light from escaping the fiber. This is essential for maintaining signal quality and minimizes cross-talk between adjacent fibers.
Due to their properties, fiber optics are widely used in transmitting telephone, internet, and cable TV signals, replacing traditional copper cables for better efficiency and performance.