Final answer:
When a basketball player holds the ball for over three seconds, it is called a turnover, specifically known as the three-second rule or lane violation, leading to the opposing team gaining possession of the ball.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rule in question refers to the sport of basketball, where holding the ball for over three seconds without dribbling, shooting, or passing is a violation. The correct answer to what it is called when a player holds the ball for over three seconds is option (b) A turnover. Specifically, this rule is often called the three-second rule or the lane violation, which occurs when an offensive player remains in the key (also known as the paint or the free-throw lane) for more than three seconds while their team is in possession of the ball. This rule is designed to prevent players from gaining an unfair advantage by staying near the basket for too long. When this violation occurs, the opposing team is awarded the ball.