Final answer:
The presence of 1 in the confidence interval suggests that the results are not statistically significant, meaning there is no sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The presence of 1 in the confidence interval in statistical analysis relates to the null hypothesis of a two-tailed test where the parameter being estimated could be less than, greater than, or equal to a certain value. When a confidence interval includes the number 1, as for odds ratios or risk ratios, it typically indicates that you cannot reject the null hypothesis. This is because the confidence interval includes the 'no effect' or 'null' value which suggests that the observed effect could have occurred by chance.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is: b) are not. Presence of 1 in the confidence interval indicates that the results are not statistically significant. This interpretation aligns with decisions made during hypothesis testing: if the p-value is not less than the chosen level of significance, which means that the p-value is greater than the alpha level (e.g., a = 0.05), the decision is to not reject the null hypothesis.