Final answer:
The concept in question is Self-reflection, a metaphysical principle focusing on self-examination as a path to universal understanding. It's rooted in ancient philosophy from the Vedic texts and Socrates. This concept also relates to critical theory and transcendentalism, stressing the importance of introspection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question presented pertains to the philosophical concept of using self-examination as a means to understand the universe. Through the philosophy of metaphysics, one explores the fundamental nature of reality by reflecting on themselves and thereby establishing a theory of equalness. The practice of looking inward as a mirror to the cosmos is rooted in ancient wisdom, from the Vedic texts to Socratic philosophizing. In modern discourse, this reflective practice is also seen in critical theory, where knowledge is reflective of power systems.
In light of the information provided and the options available, the correct answer is Self-reflection (Option C). This concept stresses the importance of personal reflection to gain a deeper understanding of the world, in line with the principles of charity and metacognition. It connects to the broader metaphysical inquiry into the nature of reality and the human desire for knowledge as described by Aristotle.
Furthermore, this principle is also echoed in Transcendentalists' belief in self-reliance and an examined life, as advocated by philosophers like Socrates. The Transcendentalists emphasized individual introspection as well as the inherent value of nature as a means of personal and philosophical development.