Final answer:
It is True that the respiratory and cardiac systems should be assessed together because they work interdependently; the respiratory system handles gas exchange while the cardiovascular transports the gases in blood. Conditions of one system can directly affect the other, highlighting the need for joint assessment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that respiratory and cardiac systems are considered "the bread and butter" and therefore should be assessed together is True. These two systems are closely interrelated, as the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide, while the cardiovascular system transports these gases in the blood between the lungs and the rest of the body. They are dependent on one another for proper function, which is why they need to be assessed together.
To support the importance of assessing both systems together, consider that the respiratory system includes structures such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, with the gas exchange occurring at the level of the alveoli. The heart and blood vessels, as part of the cardiovascular system, work intricately with the respiratory system to circulate blood and transport gases. Conditions like atherosclerosis can lead to cardiovascular diseases like coronary artery disease and stroke. Moreover, when there is a respiratory condition that affects the lungs, such as pneumonia which can be caused by fungi, the cardiovascular system is also directly impacted due to the changes in gas exchange and oxygen delivery.
Functions Preventing Food Entry into the Lungs
The epiglottis, which closes over the trachea during swallowing, thus directing food down the esophagus.
The cough reflex, which helps to expel any particles that accidentally enter the trachea.
Negative Effects of Pathogens on the Respiratory System
Various pathogens like viruses, bacteria, and fungi can enter the respiratory system, causing diseases such as the common cold, influenza, and tuberculosis. The health effects range from mild irritation to severe infections that can impair the lungs' ability to facilitate gas exchange.