Final Answer:
The castration/sex reassignment experiment by John Money at John Hopkins showed Negative consequences for participants. Thus the correct option is (C).
Step-by-step explanation:
The castration/sex reassignment experiment conducted by John Money at Johns Hopkins University revealed negative consequences for participants. Money's controversial experiment, which aimed to support his theory of gender identity being primarily shaped by environmental factors, involved the case of David Reimer. Born as a male, David underwent sex reassignment surgery and was raised as a female following a tragic circumcision accident. The long-term outcomes for David were detrimental, as he struggled with identity issues and ultimately faced significant psychological distress, leading to a tragic outcome. This case sheds light on the ethical concerns surrounding Money's approach and the potential harm inflicted on individuals subjected to such experiments.
John Money's experiment not only failed to support his theory but also raised serious ethical concerns. The experiment lacked informed consent and exposed participants to irreversible physical and psychological consequences. The negative impact on David Reimer's life underscores the importance of ethical considerations in research involving human subjects. It serves as a cautionary tale in the history of psychology, emphasizing the need for ethical guidelines and rigorous scrutiny to prevent harm to participants. The aftermath of Money's experiment contributed to a reevaluation of ethical standards in research, highlighting the paramount importance of prioritizing the well-being and dignity of individuals involved in scientific studies.
In conclusion, the castration/sex reassignment experiment by John Money at Johns Hopkins University had negative consequences for participants, particularly exemplified by the tragic case of David Reimer. This highlights the ethical shortcomings and potential harm associated with conducting experiments that neglect informed consent and fail to prioritize the welfare of participants. The lasting impact of this experiment extends beyond its initial intent, influencing the ethical landscape of psychological research and reinforcing the imperative to uphold ethical standards in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.