Final answer:
The computer type with the largest and fastest relative processing power is the supercomputer. These machines can perform incredibly complex and large computations at high speeds, essential for fields requiring significant data processing, such as scientific research and large-scale simulations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of computer that has the largest and fastest relative processing power is a supercomputer. Supercomputers are specifically designed to perform complex and large-scale computations at very high speeds. For instance, the Taihulight supercomputer in China runs at up to 125.44 petaflops, enabling it to handle a vast amount of experimental results on the molecules and their motion. These high-performance computing machines can track the movements of millions of objects and are essential in scientific fields that require processing large data sets efficiently, like climate research, physics simulations, and genetics.
The device that made it possible for digital computers to efficiently process large amounts of information was the development of modern CPUs (central processing units), which are the brain of the computer where most calculations take place. As technology advanced, CPUs became more powerful, leading to the creation of supercomputers like NASA's Ames Research Center's supercomputers, which can track over a million objects under their mutual gravitation.