Final answer:
Sertoli cells stop germ cells from proliferating and help differentiate them during the journey to the gonads. This is crucial for the proper development of mature sperm cells through the process of spermatogenesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sertoli cells, also known as sustentacular cells, play a vital role in the process of spermatogenesis by surrounding and supporting the developing sperm cells. An essential function of Sertoli cells is to secrete signaling molecules that promote sperm production and control the life cycle of germ cells. These cells are present from the peripheral basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules to the lumen, ensuring that the germ cells are properly nurtured throughout their maturation process.
Regarding the student's question about the two important things that Sertoli cells do for the germ cell traveling to the gonads, the correct answer is: a) Proliferating; differentiate. Sertoli cells stop germ cells from proliferating indiscriminately along the pathway and help differentiate them into mature sperm cells ready for ejaculation.