Final answer:
The correct action is to respect the patient's decision while also ensuring they are fully informed, and then discuss alternative options with the doctor. Proceeding with the procedure without consent is ethically and legally unacceptable.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a patient refuses the insertion of an indwelling catheter ordered by the doctor, the appropriate action to take would be B) Respect the patient's decision and discuss alternative options with the doctor. It's crucial to honor a patient's autonomy and informed consent, meaning that they have the right to accept or refuse any medical treatment. However, as a healthcare provider, one should also ensure that the patient is making an informed decision, so option C) Convince the patient by explaining the necessity of the procedure might also be appropriate in certain situations, without coercing the patient but by providing all the necessary information about the benefits and risks involved. Disregarding the patient's refusal or proceeding against their will would be ethically and legally wrong.