Final answer:
The symptoms presented by the preterm infant suggest Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is common in preterm infants due to immature lower esophageal sphincter function. Dietary and lifestyle changes can manage GERD, decreasing the amount and acidity of reflux into the esophagus. Management in the neonatal care unit is vital for the long-term health of these infants.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Preterm Infants
A preterm infant regurgitating several times an hour and making chewing movements before episodes could be exhibiting signs of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close properly, allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus. This is especially common in infants, where lifestyle changes can help manage the condition. In the case of the infant described, GERD appears to be the most likely diagnosis compared to options such as pyloric stenosis, esophageal atresia, or intussusception based on the description of symptoms.
GERD in preterm infants can lead to complications like respiratory issues, poor weight gain, and esophagitis. Due to their underdeveloped bodies, premature infants are at a higher risk for GERD. In the neonatal care unit, monitoring and appropriate management of GERD are crucial for the long-term health of preterm infants.
For relieving heartburn and acid reflux, small and frequent feedings, positioning the infant at an incline after feeding, and using thickeners in milk might be recommended. However, it is vital to consult with neonatal care specialists to determine the best course of action for each child. GERD often can be improved by dietary and other lifestyle changes that decrease the amount and acidity of reflux from the stomach into the esophagus.