Final answer:
A heap is a data structure used to track and manage dynamically allocated memory. It has properties of completeness and the heap property.
Step-by-step explanation:
A heap is a data structure that is used to track and manage dynamically allocated memory. It is commonly used in computer programming and is characterized by two important properties: completeness and the heap property.
A complete binary tree is a binary tree in which all levels are fully filled except possibly the last level, which is filled from left to right. A heap satisfies the completeness property, meaning that it can be represented as a complete binary tree.
The heap property is the key property of a heap. In a max heap, for any given node, the value of that node is greater than or equal to the values of its children. In a min heap, the value of a node is less than or equal to the values of its children.