Final answer:
The given reaction is a chemical process by which carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid, which is reversible and important in both technological applications and biological systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reaction CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ is classified as a chemical reaction wherein carbon dioxide (CO₂) reacts with water (H₂O) to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). This type of reaction can occur in carbonated beverages, where the release of carbon dioxide gas creates the characteristic bubbles when the pressure is released. Additionally, similar reactions play a crucial role in biological processes, such as the regulation of blood pH through the formation and dissociation of carbonic acid into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
Carbonic acid formation is a reversible reaction where the reverse process involves the decomposition of H₂CO₃ back into CO₂ and H₂O. In biological systems, this helps maintain homeostasis by the right adjustments via Le Chatelier's principle, where the products and reactants are adjusted based on the concentration of the substances involved.