Question

How is the diagnosis of a first episode of ARF determined based on the modified Jones criteria?

A) 2 major criteria or 1 major and 2 minor criteria
B) 3 major criteria
C) 1 major and 1 minor criteria
D) 4 minor criteria

Answer 1

The diagnosis of a first episode of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) is determined by the modified Jones criteria, requiring 2 major criteria or 1 major and 2 minor criteria, along with evidence of a preceding streptococcal infection.

Step-by-step explanation:

The diagnosis of a first episode of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) is determined based on the modified Jones criteria. According to the criteria, the diagnosis requires 2 major criteria or 1 major and 2 minor criteria (option A). The major criteria include carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules. The minor criteria include fever, arthralgia, elevated acute phase reactants (like ESR and CRP), and a prolonged PR interval on the ECG. Moreover, there must be evidence of a preceding group A streptococcal infection, typically indicated by a positive throat culture, rapid antigen test, or elevated or rising streptococcal antibody titer.