Final answer:
The two functional layers that allow platforms to create value are Integration and Governance. Integration connects various services and stakeholders, while Governance ensures rules and quality within the platform. Understanding these layers contributes to organizational functionality and audience engagement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two functional layers that allow platforms to create value are Integration and Governance, which correspond to Option 2. When we discuss Integration, we are referring to how a platform smoothly connects various services, systems, and stakeholders to provide a cohesive experience to users and participate in new business models such as subscription and freemium models. Governance, on the other hand, involves creating rules and standards such as regulations for product safety and accountability for designers and companies, which builds trust and ensures quality within a platform ecosystem.
Understanding these layers helps us articulate how organizational features function for different audiences and creates cultural awareness within rhetorical situations. For instance, when a social media platform scrutinizes advertising content to regulate product safety, it is performing a governance role. Conversely, when a platform develops features to integrate user communication modes effectively--whether textual or non-textual media--it performs an integration role. This is also reflected in how platforms apply functionalist, conflict theory, and interactionist perspectives on social stratification, such as managing group dynamics and creating opportunities for communication and connection through technology.