Final answer:
An IQ score of 70 or below, accompanied by deficits in adaptive functioning present before age 18, is the general cutoff for intellectual disabilities. Among the provided options, the correct one is d) IQ below 70.
Step-by-step explanation:
The IQ score generally deemed the cutoff for intellectual disabilities is IQ below 70. An IQ score of approximately 70 or below—two standard deviations below the mean on a test with an average score of 100—is considered a threshold for the diagnosis of intellectual disability if major deficits in adaptive functioning are present and these cognitive and adaptive deficits were identified before the age of 18. It's also important to note that intellectual disabilities encompass several subtypes: mild, moderate, severe, and profound, as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychological Disorders (APA, 2013).
Given the definition above, out of the multiple choice options provided, the correct answer is d) IQ below 70.