Final answer:
The presence of a capsule is typical in pathogenic bacteria, as it makes the bacteria slippery and difficult for phagocytes to ingest, allowing the bacteria to evade the immune system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The presence of a capsule is common in pathogenic bacteria; slippery and slimy so the phagocyte can't get a good "grip." The correct answer is a) Capsule.
Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, often have a protective capsule composed of polysaccharides that surround the cell wall. This capsule aids the bacteria in attaching to surfaces in their environment and helps in evading the host's immune system by impairing the ability of phagocytes to ingest them. Phagocytes, like macrophages, have difficulty in 'gripping' bacteria with such a slimy and slippery capsule, thereby enhancing the bacteria's ability to cause disease.