Final answer:
A personal belief about the worth of a given idea or behavior relates to ethical subjectivism, as it is based on individual judgment. Value theory investigates these beliefs, while metaethics questions their origins and objectivity. Virtue ethics, on the other hand, focuses on character traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Values and Ethics
A personal belief about the worth of a given idea or behavior can be understood within the realm of ethical subjectivism, which suggests that such beliefs are subjective and not based on objective truths. This stands in contrast to metaethics, which explores foundational questions about where moral values originate and whether morality is objective or subjective. Virtue ethics is another philosophical approach that focuses on the virtues of a person's character, rather than on ethical subjectivism or metaethical considerations.
Value theory delves into a variety of values, including ethical, social, political, and aesthetic, examining the ontology of value, or the nature and being of values. It considers realism, which posits that ethical values have a basis in reality, and anti-realism, which contends that ethical values are based on subjective beliefs and desires. Discussions in metaethics might also touch upon contrasting philosophical positions such as pluralism, which acknowledges the existence of multiple intrinsic values, and satisfactionism, which defines well-being as satisfying desires.
In brief, when individuals express a judgment about what ought to be, they engage with their own beliefs and evaluations about morality, politics, aesthetics, and social issues, indicating what they deem to be good for a person or society. Such judgements reflect their personal convictions on the behavior they value or consider ethical, which is indicative of their ethical framework and moral reasoning.