Final answer:
The parameters ref, out, and params share memory space with the calling method.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parameters ref, out, and params do not occupy their own memory locations, rather they share the memory space with the calling method. When these parameters are used, they reference the same memory locations as the corresponding variables in the calling method.
For example, if you pass a variable by reference using the ref keyword, any modifications made to the variable inside the called method will also be reflected in the calling method.
Therefore, option a) They share the memory space with the calling method is the correct answer.