Final answer:
Life history strategies in species involve allocating energy for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Different species have different strategies depending on their environment and reproductive needs. However, not all life history traits can be maximized simultaneously, as there are trade-offs between fecundity and parental care.
Step-by-step explanation:
All species have evolved a pattern of living, called a life history strategy, where they allocate energy for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These strategies evolve through natural selection and vary depending on the species' environment and need for resources to reproduce successfully. However, not all life history traits can be maximized simultaneously. For example, there is an inverse relationship between fecundity (the number of offspring produced) and parental care. Species that reproduce early in life prioritize survival to reproductive age, while species that reproduce later prioritize parental care. These different strategies and trade-offs ensure the survival and fitness of each species.