Final answer:
Inheritance of genes that varies based on the X or Y chromosomes is referred to as sex-linked. This influences the expression of certain traits and disorders which are more common in one sex, typically males for X-linked conditions like color blindness and hemophilia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The inheritance of genes on chromosomes that are dependent on gender, specifically the X or Y chromosome, is known as sex-linked inheritance. In humans, females possess two X chromosomes whereas males have one X and one Y chromosome. Sex-linked genetic conditions and traits often refer to genes located on the X chromosome because it is larger and contains more genes than the Y chromosome. As a result, certain traits are more frequently observed in one sex over the other; for example, red-green color blindness and hemophilia are X-linked disorders predominantly affecting males because they only need to inherit one copy of the recessive allele from their mother to express the trait.