Observing extremely distant galaxies can provide valuable insights into the past of the universe. This is because light takes time to travel, and when we observe distant galaxies, we are essentially looking back in time. The light from these galaxies has taken billions of years to reach us, and we see them as they were when the universe was much younger.By studying distant galaxies, astronomers can learn about the early stages of the universe, its expansion, and the formation and evolution of galaxies over time. This helps us understand the conditions and processes that led to the formation of structures in the universe as we know it today. In summary, observing distant galaxies allows us to investigate the past of the universe and gain insights into its history, evolution, and the factors that have shaped its current state. It's like looking at a cosmic fossil record that helps us piece together the story of the universe's development over time.