Final answer:
The factors that affect how much the ground shakes during an earthquake include the amplitude of the earthquake waves, resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. Certain buildings may collapse due to resonance, and areas closer to the epicenter may experience less damage due to constructive interference.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors that affect how much the ground shakes during an earthquake include the amplitude of the earthquake waves, resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. Large-amplitude earthquakes produce greater ground displacements and more damage. Resonance can cause certain buildings, such as gymnasiums and churches, to collapse due to the building's natural frequency of vibration matching the driving frequency of the earthquake waves. Additionally, areas closer to the epicenter may experience less damage due to constructive interference, while areas farther away may suffer more damage.