Final answer:
Flow production, option 'c', is a continuous and automated production process. It involves creating standardized products in an efficient assembly line. For a pizza restaurant, factors of production would include labor, capital, and raw materials such as the ingredients for pizza.
Step-by-step explanation:
Flow production, also known as continuous production, refers to c. Continuous and automated production processes. This production process is characterized by the manufacturing of large quantities of a standardized product in a streamlined and often automated sequence. This method is the opposite of producing goods in small batches, customizing products for specific customers, or creating unique products in a job shop environment. It aims for consistent quality and efficiency and typically involves a production line where the product moves from one stage to the next, continuously being worked on.
In pizza making, the inputs, or factors of production, include the labor provided by the pizzaiolo, the capital (like the oven and peel), the raw materials (flour, water, yeast, tomatoes, spices, cheese, etc.), and the land (though not explicitly mentioned, it is implied by the location where the production takes place). In the short run, a firm can't vary fixed inputs such as capital but can change variable inputs like labor in order to alter output. For instance, a pizza restaurant might hire more cooks to increase the number of pizzas made per hour. The marginal product is the additional output obtained from employing more labor, although this eventually leads to diminishing marginal productivity.