Final answer:
A DoS, or Denial of Service, which is represented by Option 4, is a type of cyberattack aimed at making a system unavailable to its users.
Step-by-step explanation:
A DoS, or Denial of Service, is a type of cyberattack. The correct answer to the question is Option 4. In a DoS attack, the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet.
This is done by overwhelming the target with a flood of internet traffic, or by exploiting a vulnerability that causes the system to crash. It's important to note that a DoS is different from a DDoS, which stands for Distributed Denial of Service, where the attack comes from multiple, often thousands of sources.