Final answer:
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells, while the RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus of eukaryotic cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. During this process, DNA is transcribed into RNA, which then requires processing before it can be transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm to be translated into protein by ribosomes. In prokaryotic cells, which lack a membrane-bound nucleus, transcription occurs directly in the cytoplasm. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is b. nucleus.
The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the nucleolus, which is a region within the nucleus. This is part of the ribosome production process, which is crucial for protein synthesis. Hence, the correct answer to that question is d. nucleolus.