Final answer:
The student's query on S, Msub, and Rsumb cannot be directly answered due to lack of clear definition of these terms. However, suboptimal decisions often stem from the 'substitution heuristic' where complex problems are swapped with simpler ones. Optimal decision-making involves critical thinking and awareness of cognitive biases, as well as economic concepts such as opportunity cost, marginal decision making, and diminishing returns.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Suboptimal and Optimal Thinking
The terms S, Msub, and Rsumb relate to cognitive biases and decision-making processes, which are not clearly defined in the provided context. It seems there may be a misunderstanding in the acronyms used. However, discussing suboptimal and optimal thinking, the substitution heuristic is a concept that describes our tendency to substitute difficult questions with easier ones to answer. This often leads to suboptimal decision-making because the simpler question does not capture the complexity of the original, resulting in answers that may be incorrect or inappropriate. These heuristics are not a sign of low intelligence but a function of our cognitive processes that can lead us astray.
Understanding concepts like opportunity cost, marginal decision making, and diminishing returns is crucial to optimize our decision-making process. These economic concepts encourage us to consider the values we forego by choosing one option over another, the additional benefit gained from making one more unit of a decision, and the decrease in the benefits as we increase quantity beyond a certain point. In the context of cognitive styles, identifying for instance 'S-types' and 'N-types', we can appreciate how differing personalities can contribute both strengths and weaknesses to decision-making.
Reflective and critical thinking is key to overcoming suboptimal decisions. Awareness of one's cognitive biases is the first step in harnessing optimal thinking strategies that align more closely with rational decision-making models.