Final answer:
Group differences in IQ related to gender can be influenced by gender bias in testing, stereotype threat, minimal biological differences, and socioeconomic factors, with the latter two having considerable impact on shaping educational outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering group differences in IQ with respect to gender, it is crucial to unpack the various factors that come into play. One of these factors is gender bias in testing, which suggests that certain test items may favor one gender over another due to the content or context that align with culturally entrenched gender roles. Stereotype threat is another factor, wherein individuals might perform in a certain way consistent with negative stereotypes about their gender. Similarly, biological differences have often been discussed as a contributing factor, but extensive research, such as that reviewed by Anne Fausto-Sterling, indicates that the cognitive abilities of boys and girls are broadly similar, with any differences being minimal and not sufficient to impact educational and employment outcomes. Lastly, socioeconomic factors are known to play a significant role in shaping educational and intellectual development, potentially creating disparities that can be mistakenly attributed to gender rather than the social environment.