Final Answer:
The MC1R gene codes for traits related to pigmentation, particularly influencing hair and skin color. Recessive alleles of the MC1R gene often result in a phenotype associated with red hair, fair skin, and increased sensitivity to UV radiation. Dominant alleles, on the other hand, typically produce a phenotype associated with darker hair and skin tones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The MC1R gene, located on chromosome 16, plays a crucial role in determining melanin production and distribution. Different alleles of this gene result in variations in pigmentation. The recessive alleles often associated with red hair (usually denoted as "R") lead to a reduced ability to produce eumelanin, resulting in red or blonde hair and fair skin.
Dominant alleles (commonly denoted as "r") usually lead to a higher production of eumelanin, resulting in darker hair and skin tones. The interplay of these alleles contributes to the diversity of human pigmentation.