Final answer:
The Great Compromise, or Connecticut Compromise, at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was concerned with the representation of the states in Congress, resulting in a bicameral legislature with population-based representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate. Option A is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Great Compromise was mainly concerned with representation of the states in Congress. This significant arrangement, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, played a pivotal role in shaping the U.S. Constitution. It was proposed by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut and established a bicameral congress, which addressed the concerns of both large and small states.
In this compromise, the House of Representatives would have representation apportioned according to the population of each state, addressing the interests of larger states. Conversely, the Senate would have equal representation from all states, with each state having two senators, thus protecting small states' interests. The Presidency would be decided by electors chosen by the state legislatures, forming a balance between direct popular vote and state-mediated selection.
This compromise helped alleviate the intense debates between states with large populations and those with smaller ones, ensuring both were fairly represented in the new national legislature and ultimately contributing to the structure of government that the U.S remains governed by today.