Final answer:
Modelling in psychology is the process of learning through observation of others' behaviors and it plays a significant role in social cognition theory. It involves attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation, and can lead to both prosocial and antisocial effects. Models are different from theories in that they are representational, whereas theories provide explanations.
Step-by-step explanation:
In psychology, modelling refers to the process in which individuals learn by observing the behaviors of others and the consequences that follow. This concept is integral to social cognition theory, which examines how people process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations. Modelling is a form of observational learning, and the steps in the modelling process typically include attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
Discussing the prosocial and antisocial effects of observational learning, it is clear that modelling can have both positive and negative outcomes. Prosocial behaviors, such as helping and sharing, can be learned through observing others engage in these behaviors and witnessing positive consequences. Conversely, antisocial behaviors, such as aggression and violence, can also be transmitted through the same process if individuals observe these behaviors being rewarded or going unpunished.
Models differ from theories in that a model is a representation to help understand and predict phenomena, whereas a theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world. Models and theories are used extensively in various fields, including psychology, where they guide research, and in health and education where they inform practices and interventions.