Question

Individuals were asked to learn lists containing threatening and non-threatening words. When asked to recall the words after a delay, highly anxious individuals were much better at recalling the negative words.

A) Enhanced memory for positive words
B) Equal recall for both positive and negative words
C) Better recall for neutral words
D) Better recall for negative words

Answer 1

In the study described, highly anxious individuals demonstrated a better recall for negative words, which aligns with arousal theory where strong emotional events foster stronger memories. The correct answer is D) Better recall for negative words.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question pertains to how highly anxious individuals recall words after a delay, with a focus on the difference in recall between threatening and non-threatening words. According to arousal theory and research on the influence of emotions on memory, it is known that strong emotional experiences can lead to stronger memories.

This phenomenon is due to the release of neurotransmitters and hormones during emotional events that enhance memory formation. For example, stressful events increase the secretion of glutamate in the brain, which helps in remembering these events more vividly, as indicated by studies like those conducted by McGaugh (2003) and the observed 'flashbulb memory' effect.

Additionally, strategies like expressive writing about traumatic experiences can boost short-term memory according to Masao Yogo and Shuji Fujihara (2008). In the context of the given question, the correct answer is D) Better recall for negative words.