Final answer:
Endurance training with low carbohydrate availability can increase insulin sensitivity, enhancing the body's efficiency in utilizing insulin for better metabolic health and potentially improving aerobic performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Performing endurance training with low endogenous carbohydrate availability can increase insulin sensitivity. This is because exercising muscles take up glucose more effectively, enhancing their insulin sensitivity. Additionally, carbohydrates are central to providing energy during endurance training. When an athlete "carb loads" by consuming excess carbohydrates, they increase their muscle glycogen stores, which can be easily accessed for energy during prolonged exercise. Insulin, a hormone included here, stimulates the storage of glucose as glycogen and promotes aerobic performance. Thus, training with low carbohydrate availability might force the body to become more efficient at utilizing insulin, potentially reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes and improving overall metabolic health.