Final answer:
The correct answer is option a. the jobs that they held either went away or were filled by white people.
Step-by-step explanation:
African Americans were particularly harmed when the stock market crashed because they were subject to continual racial discrimination. The jobs they traditionally held either went away or were filled by white people, a situation aggravated by the economic downturn.
As the agricultural sector suffered, many African Americans lost their positions as farm laborers and sharecroppers. The few who had land often had to abandon it due to the lack of income. In urban areas, not only did they face high unemployment rates, but they also were forced to compete with white workers for the few available jobs, jobs that were once considered to be in their domain.
The unemployment rate among African Americans rose to nearly 50 percent by 1932. Moreover, many faced the harsh reality of racial violence and lack of protection under the law.