Question

Describe the 6 steps of HPV infection?

Answer 1

HPV infection involves exposure, entry, viral replication, possible immune clearance or persistence, and if persistent, may lead to precancerous changes, especially with high-risk types. Vaccines like Gardasil help prevent these high-risk infections.

Step-by-step explanation:

The six steps of HPV infection can be broadly described as follows:

1. Initial exposure to HPV through skin-to-skin contact, typically during sexual activity.
2. The virus enters the skin or mucous membrane through microscopic abrasions.
3. Once inside the host cells, HPV's DNA is replicated and its genes are expressed, disrupting normal cell function.
4. The immune response by the host may clear the virus, typically within two years.
5. If not cleared, certain high-risk HPV types may lead to persistent infection.
6. Persistent infection with high-risk types, like HPV 16 or 18, can cause the development of precancerous changes in cells, particularly in the cervix.

While HPV infections are common, vaccinations like Gardasil and regular screenings, such as Pap tests, are effective means of prevention and early detection, significantly reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer.