Final answer:
Promoter-proximal elements and enhancer regions are two types of elements that bind to the transcript to regulate gene transcription in eukaryotic cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Certain elements, known as promoter-proximal elements, typically come from outside and bind to the transcript in some area to regulate gene transcription. These elements, such as the CAAT box and the GC box, are usually found within a few hundred base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site. Specific transcription factors bind to these elements and respond to environmental stimuli to initiate transcription of the gene that is needed.
Enhancers, on the other hand, are distal cis elements that can be located thousands of base pairs away from the genes they control. They recognize and bind to transcription factors to increase the rate of gene transcription. Enhancer elements can be found in the non-translated regions of the gene, within introns, or even on other chromosomes.
In summary, promoter-proximal elements and enhancer regions are two types of elements that bind to the transcript to regulate gene transcription in eukaryotic cells.