Final Answer:
The restriction enzyme recognizes a specific DNA sequence and cuts it to produce two sticky ends. Two different DNA molecules with matching sticky ends can bind each other.
Step-by-step explanation:
In molecular biology, restriction enzymes play a crucial role in manipulating DNA. These enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences, known as recognition sites, and cleave the DNA at these sites. The result is the formation of two DNA fragments with "sticky ends." Sticky ends are single-stranded overhangs that are complementary to each other. This feature allows the fragments to easily bind to one another through base pairing.
To understand this process further, consider a restriction enzyme cutting a DNA sequence at a specific recognition site, generating two fragments with matching sticky ends. The complementary nature of these sticky ends ensures that they can hybridize and form a stable double-stranded DNA molecule.
This binding is specific due to the complementary base pairing rules: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). Therefore, the cohesive ends of one DNA fragment will precisely match and bind with the cohesive ends of another DNA fragment, resulting in the formation of a larger DNA molecule.
This ability to create specific connections between DNA fragments is widely used in molecular biology techniques such as DNA cloning and recombinant DNA technology. Scientists leverage the precise nature of sticky ends to join DNA fragments from different sources, creating customized sequences with applications ranging from gene therapy to the production of genetically modified organisms.
In summary, the recognition and cutting of DNA by restriction enzymes, followed by the binding of matching sticky ends, underpin various molecular biology applications and advancements.