Final answer:
In prokaryotes, initiation of protein synthesis requires mRNA, 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits, initiation factors IF1, IF2, & IF3, GTP, and F-Met-tRNA. These components form the initiation complex, which starts the translation process. A special Shine-Dalgarno sequence on mRNA and formylated methionine on tRNA are also involved in the initiation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The items listed: mRNA, 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits, initiation factors (IF1, IF2, & IF3), GTP, and F-Met-tRNA are all required for the initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes. Protein synthesis begins with the formation of an initiation complex involving the small 30S ribosomal subunit and the mRNA template. Throughout the process, three initiation factors (IF1, IF2, and IF3) facilitate the correct assembly of the ribosome, while GTP provides the necessary energy for forming the complex. A special initiator tRNA carrying N-formyl-methionine (F-Met-tRNA) recognizes and binds to the start codon (AUG), and is critical for starting the translation process.
In prokaryotes like E. coli, the initiation complex also requires the mRNA template with a leader sequence known as the Shine-Dalgarno sequence for ribosomal binding, and the subsequent addition of the 50S ribosomal subunit to complete the formation of the 70S initiation complex. This complex begins the translation and subsequent protein synthesis. The initiator tRNA is special because it carries a formylated methionine which is added to the N-terminus of the growing polypeptide chain but is typically removed after translation is complete.