Final answer:
AU-rich element binding proteins interact with deadenylases, decapping enzymes, or exosomal proteins to regulate mRNA stability by modifying the poly-A tail and cap structure or targeting the mRNA for degradation, which affects protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
AUBPs, or AU-rich element binding proteins, interact with deadenylases, decapping enzymes, or exosomal proteins to regulate mRNA transcript stability and degradation. When they bind to specific elements within the mRNA, they can recruit these enzymes to shorten the poly-A tail of an mRNA, remove the protective cap structure at the mRNA's 5' end, or target the mRNA for degradation by the exosome complex. These interactions can consequently lead to the decrease or prevention of translation of the mRNA molecule, adjust the mRNA's lifespan in the cytoplasm, and thus effectively regulate the amount of protein that can be synthesized from that mRNA.