Question

you need decapping enzymes (Dcp1&2) and decapping activators (Dhh1/RCK/p54) ? work together ���W/o the cap, mRNA is exposed to (this direction) exoribonucleases and is degraded ___' to ___' Decay:

Answer 1

Decapping enzymes (Dcp1&2) and decapping activators (Dhh1/RCK/p54) work together to remove the 5' cap of mRNA. Without the cap, mRNA is exposed to 5' to 3' exoribonucleases and is degraded from the 5' to 3' direction in mRNA decay.

Step-by-step explanation:

The collaboration between decapping enzymes (Dcp1&2) and decapping activators (Dhh1/RCK/p54) is crucial for mRNA degradation. Decapping enzymes remove the protective 5' cap from mRNA, rendering it vulnerable to degradation by exoribonucleases. This enzymatic process occurs in the 5' to 3' direction, initiating mRNA decay from the 5' end.

In the absence of the 5' cap, the mRNA becomes a target for 5' to 3' exoribonucleases, which sequentially cleave nucleotides in the mRNA molecule. This degradation process is fundamental to cellular regulation, allowing the cell to control the lifespan of mRNA and regulate gene expression. The concerted action of decapping enzymes and activators ensures a precise and controlled mechanism for mRNA decay, contributing to the dynamic regulation of cellular processes.

Understanding the intricacies of mRNA decay is essential in deciphering cellular responses and gene expression patterns. The coordinated activity of decapping enzymes and activators in this process highlights the sophistication of cellular regulatory mechanisms.

Answer 2

Without the cap, mRNA is exposed to 5 to 3 exoribonucleases and is degraded from 5 to 3 Decay.

Step-by-step explanation:

The process of mRNA degradation involves several key enzymes and factors. When the mRNA cap is removed by decapping enzymes like Dcp1&2, and aided by decapping activators such as Dhh1/RCK/p54, the mRNA becomes vulnerable to degradation. Once decapped, the mRNA is exposed to exoribonucleases that start degrading it from the 5' end to the 3' end in a process known as 5' to 3' decay.

The cap protects the mRNA from degradation and facilitates its stability and translation. However, upon decapping, the mRNA's protective cap is removed, leaving it susceptible to exonucleases that start degrading the mRNA in a 5' to 3' direction. This degradation process is a crucial part of mRNA turnover and quality control within the cell, allowing for the removal of aberrant or unnecessary transcripts.

The directional degradation from 5' to 3' aids in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating mRNA levels and preventing the accumulation of faulty or surplus transcripts. This controlled degradation mechanism is essential for proper gene expression and cellular function, ensuring the efficient turnover of mRNA molecules within the cell.