Final answer:
The basal ganglia are composed of the caudate, putamen, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus, which are vital for controlling movement and regulating voluntary motor control and behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four nuclei that comprise the basal ganglia are the caudate, putamen, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus. The caudate and putamen, together referred to as the striatum, are major structures within the basal nuclei that control movement. Located deep in the cerebrum, the caudate follows the cerebrum's basic C-shape, extending from the frontal lobe through to the temporal lobe. The putamen is primarily located in the anterior regions of the frontal and parietal lobes. The globus pallidus, situated medial to the putamen, has two segments, the external and internal, which are crucial in modulating movement. These structures are integral to the motor pathway and play an essential role in the regulation of voluntary motor control, procedural learning, and routine behaviors.