Final answer:
Operant conditioning is a learning process where behavior is influenced by the consequences that follow it, such as reinforcement or punishment. B. F. Skinner's experiments, such as those involving a Skinner box, demonstrate the principles of this learning method. The law of effect explains that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are likely to recur.
Step-by-step explanation:
Operant Conditioning Overview
Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences. Key concepts in operant conditioning are reinforcement and punishment, which are used to either increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior happening again. B. F. Skinner, a renowned psychologist, was a major figure in the development of operant conditioning and conducted various experiments to study this learning process. For instance, in a Skinner box, rats learned to press a lever to receive food, demonstrating the power of reinforcements.
Conditioned Behavior and Operant Conditioning
Conditioned behavior in operant conditioning is modified by the consequences it attracts, which can either be in the form of positive reinforcement (such as food) or punishment. This learning process underpins much of animal training and can explain complex behaviors in different species. Classical conditioning differs from operant conditioning in that it involves automatic responses to stimuli, while operant conditioning involves consequences after a voluntary behavior.
If the consequence of a behavior is favorable, such as receiving a reward, the behavior is more likely to be repeated - this is known as the law of effect. Skinner's extensive work with operant conditioning shows us that learning can be a direct result of the environment's impact on behavior through consequences.