Final answer:
Increased blood pressure within the vein, increased blood flow within the vein, and return of blood to the heart are all typically outcomes of the body's response to blood pooling. Therefore, none of the given options are NOT a result of blood pooling.
Step-by-step explanation:
Blood pooling, particularly in the lower veins of the body, often leads to several consequences due to the high compliance of veins. However, not all outcomes are a result of blood pooling. When blood accumulates in the veins, it increases the pressure within, which is reflected back into the smaller veins, venules, and capillaries. This condition can lead to edema, or excess tissue fluid around the cells, and the formation of varicose veins. Furthermore, the skeletal muscle pump mechanism helps move blood back to the heart by increasing venous pressure during muscle contraction. Of the provided options, (a) increased blood pressure within the vein, (b) increased blood flow within the vein, and (c) return of blood to the heart, all are results of the body's mechanisms to counteract blood pooling. Therefore, if we were to look for what is NOT a result of blood pooling, none of the listed options (d) would be correct since they all can be associated with the condition.