Final answer:
The vestibular nuclei facilitate standing by activating muscle contraction to promote extension and balance muscle tone in both legs, through pathways including the vestibulospinal tract and extrapyramidal connections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The vestibular nuclei play an important role in maintaining balance and facilitating standing. They do so by using two main pathways: the vestibulospinal tract and the extrapyramidal connections. The vestibulospinal tract and extrapyramidal system influence movement to maintain balance and posture through the modulation of muscle tone and activity.
When it comes to facilitating standing, the vestibular nuclei act by b. Activating muscle contraction to promote extension and balance muscle tone in both legs. This is achieved through a complex network involving the reticular formation, the spinal cord, the cerebellum, and connections to the cranial nerves which contribute to balance and coordination of eye movements through the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR).