Final answer:
Kachina dolls in Pueblo cultures symbolize various spiritual entities and are used in religious ceremonies to benefit the community. The kivas, associated with these ceremonies, also served as communal spaces and represented the place of emergence for human beings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kachina dolls represent a variety of things to the Pueblo people. Within the kachina belief system, these dolls symbolize spirit beings that encompass the life force within all parts of the universe. They can represent natural elements like the sun or animals such as the eagle, as well as ancestors, significant historical events, or concepts such as maidenhood.
The kachinas are not worshipped but are considered powerful spiritual entities that can benefit the community. The Pueblo societies employed these dolls in religious ceremonies that venerated the kachinas. Members of religious societies would dress as kachinas, enacting these spiritual beings for ritual purposes.
In addition to their ceremonial use, kivas—spiritual rooms associated with the kachina cult—served as communal meeting places or as lodging for traders. The kiva, often the ceremonial center of the village, contained a small hole in the floor called a sipapu, symbolizing the place from where human beings first emerged, according to modern Pueblo beliefs.