Final Answer:
Urbanization brought several challenges, including overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, heightened pollution, increased poverty, and social inequalities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Urbanization, the process of population concentration in cities and towns, presented a multitude of challenges. As people migrated from rural areas to cities in search of better opportunities, cities became overcrowded.
The rapid influx of people strained housing availability, leading to overcrowded living conditions. This overcrowding not only impacted the quality of life but also put pressure on resources and services such as sanitation, healthcare, and education.
Inadequate infrastructure development was another critical challenge. The sudden population surge in urban areas often outpaced the development of essential infrastructure like roads, water supply, and sewage systems. This infrastructure deficit contributed to poor living conditions and health hazards, fostering an environment ripe for diseases and other health-related issues.
Additionally, urbanization exacerbated environmental concerns. The concentration of industries and increased vehicular traffic in cities led to heightened pollution levels. Air and water pollution became prevalent issues, impacting the health of urban residents and posing environmental degradation challenges.
Moreover, rapid urbanization often resulted in the expansion of slums and informal settlements, leading to increased poverty rates and widening social inequalities as marginalized populations struggled to access basic services and opportunities within cities.