Final answer:
The policies aim at reducing international capital flows and short-term portfolio flows to prevent large exchange rate fluctuations that could cause macroeconomic disaster.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main goal of the policies being referred to is to reduce international capital flows, particularly short-term portfolio flows. This reduction is aimed at minimizing the risk of significant exchange rate fluctuations that can potentially lead to macroeconomic instability. The policies are designed to maintain economic stability by managing the flow of capital across borders, thereby ensuring a less volatile currency exchange rate environment. This approach is part of a broader spectrum of fiscal and monetary strategies adopted by governments to encourage economic growth, investment, stability, and competition both domestically and internationally.