Final answer:
To maximize long-term yields and maintain biodiversity in fisheries, creating large marine protected areas and reducing fishing effort through dedicated access privileges are effective approaches. Additionally, adaptive management techniques are vital for long-term success.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking for two prolonged approaches concerning biological objectives for fisheries that aim to maximize long-term yields and maintain biodiversity. First, creating networks of large marine protected areas is one approach that can help to safeguard biodiversity by restricting certain activities and providing a haven for multiple species. Secondly, reducing fishing effort, especially in non-protected areas, through the creation of dedicated access privileges such as those for small-scale fishing communities can mitigate the overexploitation of fisheries. These approaches help to curb the detrimental "race for fish" by establishing sustainable practices that contribute to the longevity and health of marine ecosystems. Additionally, adopting adaptive management techniques, involving comprehensive monitoring programs and tracking biodiversity indicators, is essential for the long-term success of these measures.