Answer:
The bias described where Joseph's boss ignores poor sales in light of a new success is likely the halo effect or outcome bias. Other biases such as confirmation bias and statistical discrimination can affect decisions in the workplace and reinforce stereotypes, leading to discrimination.
Step-by-step explanation:
The perception bias illustrated in the scenario where Joseph's boss overlooks his year's worth of poor sales performance due to landing a big contract is an example of a cognitive bias potentially related to the halo effect or outcome bias. This type of bias can lead to an overemphasis on recent successes while ignoring previous performance. Similarly, when a businessman convinces himself that hard work is its own reward instead of asking for a raise, he may be experiencing a form of rationalization to cope with his anxious feelings about the negotiation.
Bias in interviews, where an employer's negative stereotype leads to a job applicant behaving in a way that seems to confirm that stereotype, is an instance of a self-fulfilling prophecy. Such scenarios can manifest due to various cognitive biases including confirmation bias, representative bias, and availability heuristic.
In hiring decisions, employers might succumb to statistical discrimination if they make assumptions based on group characteristics instead of individual merit. This flawed reasoning can result in unfair treatment and perpetuate employment discrimination.