Final answer:
The correct answer to the question about harm reduction examples for drug use, alcohol use, and STIs is c) Both a and b, which includes the abstinence-only approach and needle exchange programs as examples of harm reduction strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks to identify harm reduction examples for drug use, alcohol use, and STIs. Among the provided options, the correct choice that includes examples of harm reduction strategies is c) Both a and b. The abstinence-only approach emphasizes avoidance of sex until marriage or delaying it, without focusing on prevention techniques for unwanted pregnancies or STIs. Needle exchange programs, on the other hand, offer clean needles to intravenous drug users to prevent the transmission of diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, and C, and serve as a crucial component of a harm reduction strategy.
Harm reduction aims to decrease the negative consequences associated with drug use and sexual behavior. It does not solely rely on preventing these activities but also implements strategies to minimize their harmful effects. For instance, contraception availability, including condoms, can reduce STI transmission, while educational campaigns and safe sex programs help inform individuals about risks and protective behaviors.